Business Process Diagram Samples Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Business Process Diagram Samples - Essay Example 1.  The activities of the different departments of a company operate on a set of processes known as the Business Processes of the organization. The case of a retail company, ABC desiring to track its sales requires the creation of a business process. This business process is depicted by the construction of a flow diagram carving out the entire business process needed for tracking sales. (Business Process Diagram Samples). The diagram generated for a business process consists of graphical figures linked unto each other reflecting a constant flow of activities. (White, 1-3). 2.   The requirement to design a business process arises from the situation in solving a specific business problem which can range from operations to customer care and can even encompass the warehouse operations. (Business Process Diagram Samples).   However the design of the business process must be made keeping a focus that it helps in a better understanding of the complex business functions. Thus geometric al figures like square, circle, rectangle, and triangle are employed connected by flow lines depicting the various functions.   (White, 1-3). 3.   Designing the diagrams for business processes helps in probing into the details of the business operations with needful precision. This detailing of business activities helps in effective monitoring and controlling of business functions which in turn enhances the quality of goods and services produced. (White, 1, 8). 1.  

Discussion 1 zhong Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion 1 zhong - Assignment Example The quantity per serving of corn grits instant plain is 1 cup that is equivalent to 245 grams and the product exists in different package sizes. Each serving contains 167 calories, 0.5 g of fats, 0 mg of cholesterol, 525 g of sodium, 36.9 g of carbohydrates and 3.9 g of proteins. Raisin bran crunch is the healthier of the two. This is because while the two food labels have low levels of fats and zero levels of cholesterol, raisin bran crunch has higher quantities of carbohydrates for energy, higher percentage of calcium, and has vitamin A and vitamin C that corn grits instant plain lacks. Each serving of raisin bran crunch has 1.89 percent total fats, zero percent cholesterol, 0.39 percent sodium, 84.9 percent carbohydrates, and 6.04 percent proteins while corn grain instant plain has 0.2 percent of fats, zero percent cholesterol, 0.21 percent sodium, 15.06 percent carbohydrates, and 1.59 percent of proteins. One of the health claims that could describe raisin bran crunch is the low level of cholesterol that is good for health. Benefits of high energy level foods are another claim that best describe the food label. The two claims also describe corn grits instant plain. Your response to components of the food labels is comprehensive to the prompt’s requirements with provisions calories per serving and quantities of different nutrients. You also clearly identify the quantities for each food label and this allows for easy comparison. Your rationale for grading the food labels on health basis is also valid because sugars readily available from common sources and is therefore not very fundamental to a specific food label. Your post also responds to all prompts and identifies accurate health claims for the two food labels for discussion. The post succeeds in identifying the required components for each of the food labels. Its systematic presentation of the components

Sexual orientation and the Environment Essay Example for Free

Sexual orientation and the Environment Essay Psychology in everyday life second edition is a great book with lots of great information. But I find myself disagreeing with you on chapter four Environment and Sexual Orientation. I think that environmental factors have a lot to do with sexual orientation. You asked four questions: is homosexuality linked with problems in a child’s relationship with parents, does homosexuality involve a fear or hatred of people of the other gender, is sexual origination linked with levels of sex hormones, and as children were many homosexuals victimized? I think that all of those things including your environment can be a deciding factor in your sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is an enduring sexual attraction towards members of either our own or other sex. I think your environment plays one of the biggest roles in your sexual ordination because your environment influences the thing that you do. As a child you’re very young and impressionable it’s just like monkey see, monkey do. Our parents affect our relationships because our parents are the first relationship we see and as a child everything we see our parents do we mimic. There for If we grow up around a same sex relationship and you are used to seeing that in your everyday situation that is what you are use to and you may feel like that’s the way you want to live your life. So from what you saw as a child made you choose to be in a same sex relationship. I also think that the kind of relationships that you have with your parents also affects our sexuality. The relationship with your parents is one of the most influence relationships that you have in your life so it can very much have a positive or a negative effect on you. For example you growing up having a bad relationship with your dad may leave the impression that all men are dogs. That may cause you to drift away from the opposite sex. A male could have a horrible relationship with his mother leaving a bad impression of woman causing him to have ell feelings towards women because he never experienced a good relationship with his mom. I think there are a lot of different factors in some one big attracted to the same sex. Also someone being victimize as a child can cause them to be homosexual I don’t think that is the cause for every on but I do think it played a factor in some peoples lifestyle choice. Would that be the cause for everyone no not at all but it would be for some. Like genetic influences for example, shared sexual orientation is higher among identical twins than among fraternal twins. There are also brain differences for example gay men’s hypothalamus reacts as do straight women’s to the smell of sex-related hormones. Also the mother’s immune system may play a role in the development of sexual orientation. Another interesting fact is that men who have older brothers are somewhat more likely to be gay about one third more likely for each additional older brother. Altered prenatal hormones exposure may lead to homosexuality in humans and other animals. Also right handed men with several older biological brothers are more likely to be gay, possibly due to a maternal immune system reaction. Homosexuality does appear to run in families homosexual men have more homosexual relatives on their mother’s side than on their father’s as you can see yes there are a lot of different things that can go into someone becoming gay. But my opinion that I think your environment plays the biggest role as it does for anyone else. Your environment shapes and moles you as a person. It might not be the deciding factor to what makes you gay, but I think it plays a big role. In the situation . So based on these findings I would have to disagree with you I very much do believe that your environment plays a huge role in your sexual orientation. I would like to think you for your time, and I think that chapter four has brought some very good insight and I have learned a lot. You made some very valet point’s thank you again for your insight.

Countertrade :: essays research papers

CounterTrade Paper Countertrade is a trade between two countries by which goods are exchanged for other goods rather than for hard currency. Countertrade is often the solution for exporters that may not be able to be paid in his or her home currency and according to the text few exporters would desire payment in a currency that is not convertible. "Sometimes both parties are happy with the goods they receive, other times one country will liquidate the received asset, ultimately receiving cash in the deal. This is also referred to as "using barter to complete a trade." (www.investopedia.com, 2004) An example of countertrade is, the former Soviet Union would often countertrade, agreeing to trade, say, Soviet oil for another country's vehicles. After researching this subject, I have learned that countertrade is an umbrella term covering a wide range of commercial mechanisms for reciprocal trade. Reciprocal trading (two-sided trading, trade in return) occurs when the trade customers is also a supplier. The reciprocal trading arrangements may or may not be formally linked. In practice, reciprocal trade may strengthen an existing trading relationship, and may even create mutual dependencies, which may create new trade relationship. Barter is probably the oldest and best known example of countertrading, however others, such as offset, buyback, tolling and switch trading, have also evolved to meet the requirements of a more sophisticated world economy. All of these generally involve the exchange of goods or services to finance purchases, rather than using cash alone. "The importance of countertrade as a trading tool has increased since early 1970s -especially in markets where there is a shortage of foreign exchange and countertrade may be the only effective marketing mechanism for doing business." (www.barternews.com, 2003) "One of the unique risks of countertrade transactions is that companies often find themselves handling products with which they are not familiar. This is probably the greatest risk in a countertrade transaction." ((www.barternews.com, 2003) Approximately 130 out of 192 countries in the world require countertrade, one form or another, in their procurements. Many of them did so after having undertaken intensive and serious studies. Many global companies have dedicated in-house specialists dealing specifically with countertrade. Some 20% to 30% of world trade is countertrade. The annual global market size for countertrade is estimated to be between US$200 to US$500 billion. No one really knows what are the correct percentages are and how large the true market size is.

Classic Post-Modernist Writers

Charles Dickens. Thomas Hardy. Joseph Conrad. During their time, they were considered to be realists because they shape their readers’ perceptions of the world. In doing so, their writings are described to be modern and post-realist. This paper will discuss their approaches and on how their works, which we discussed this semester, are classic masterpieces simply because these transcend over time. Post-realism in literature is done when subjects are depicted on the page as how they are in daily life. There is no interpretation and embellishment.They reveal the mundane truth. Most of the time, in post-realism, these truths are ugly and sordid. Therefore, during the 20th century, when these writers came up with their works, they were often criticized for discussing subjects at that time were deemed as taboo. Realism was the cultural movement that was quite popular in literature in the 1800s. It was the opposite of romanticism because it encouraged artists to present objects at th eir most real. The perceptions are undistorted by bias and it is said that realism is the objective reality.The trend reformed the cultural movements in literature and became modernized. Cultural, political and artistic movements headed this direction at the turn of the century. It confirmed the ability of human beings to improve, create, reshape and enhance their environment. The period of modernism was during 1884 to 1914. Through technology, practical knowledge and scientific experiments, individuals are able to improve their way of life. It was at its earliest stages but these three novelists were able to become masters of the technique way before their counterparts did.Modernism examined the aspect of existence. It ranged from philosophy to commerce. It allowed the readers to reflect without holding back and replaced the old methods with the new progressive techniques. It was the introduction on how the world must accept the changes that were already occurring. By embracing the se changes and retaining some traditions, the post-realist movement came into place. (Crook, 1991, p. 32) Charles Dickens is known for his storytelling and immortal characters. With this, his literary creations received worldwide popularity which readers often anticipated for as well.The demand for Dickens’ short stories and novels didn’t allow these to go out of print. He wrote serialized novels which the public eagerly waited and religiously read. Scholars who studied why Dickens’ stories could reach out to his readers discovered that the author’s childhood influenced his fiction. These innocent experiences assisted him in bringing these stories to life. His writing style is poetic because it combines fantasy and realism which allows readers to shift from one to the other. He was also inspired by the gothic romance theme that was made popular in the 18th century.The downside to this writing style is that some of his characters are grotesque that they of ten overpower the stories. (Glancy, 1999, p 45) â€Å"Dombey sat in the corner of the darkened room in the great arm-chair by the bedside, and Son lay tucked up warm in a little basket bedstead, carefully disposed on a low settee immediately in front of the fire and close to it, as if his constitution were analogous to that of a muffin, and it was essential to toast him brown while he was very new. Dombey was about eight-and-forty years of age. Son about eight-and-forty minutes.Dombey was rather bald, rather red, and though a handsome well-made man, too stern and pompous in appearance, to be prepossessing. Son was very bald, and very red, and though (of course) an undeniably fine infant, somewhat crushed and spotty in his general effect, as yet. † The two paragraphs are from the first chapter of Dickens’ â€Å"Dombey and Son. † Dickens was an active participant in social concerns and such themes were rooted in this novel. Examples were marriages being arranged a s if it were financial partnerships. Other themes were familial relationships and child cruelty.A factor that made Dickens’ works post-modernist is his take on social commentaries. He often wrote about poverty, specifically the social stratification in the Victorian society. The approach Dickens often utilized is presenting the incidences through caricatures in order to present the readers the social truth. (Glancy, 1999, p. 53) Another post-modernist theme is that Dickens often highlighted his idealism through the poignant social commentaries of his novels. A number of his novels discussed social realism and concentrated on the mechanisms of the social control which directed the lives of the individuals.He used coincidences which only showed how idealistic his works were. Thomas Hardy is Dickens’ exact opposite. He is a realist in the sense that his novels often ends in a tragic note. Hardy was an English novelist, writer and poet. Unlike Dickens, Hardy’s child hood was privileged nor luxurious. His father was a stonemason and his mother provided him with his formal education. He was trained as an architect before he moved to London where he enrolled at King’s College. Because of his skills in designing, he won prizes from the Architectural Association and the Royal Institute of British architects.He discovered he also had the knack in writing, thus he began his career as a novelist. â€Å"Jude the Obscure† was Hardy’s most controversial work. It received negative reviews especially from the Victorian public because of the brutal and unsanitized depiction of sex. It was touted as â€Å"Jude the Obscene. † It also caused further strain on Hardy’s marriage to Emma Hardy because it was said that the novel was autobiographical. Scholars pointed out that Emma was Hardy’s first love, just as Sue was Jude’s. Another evidence was Emma’s obsession with religion toward the latter years of her m arriage to Hardy.Incidentally, this was Sue’s predicament on the novel as well. Inspite of the controversies, Hardy became one of the best English novelists by the 20th century. His other works â€Å"Tess of D’urbervilles† and â€Å"The Mayor of Casterbridge† were well-received by the public. His novels are set in Wessex, an imaginary world that covered the large area of the south-west and south England. (Harvey, 2003, p 23) He also wrote poetry and these were published after 1898 when Hardy took a break from writing novels to concentrate on his poems instead. Hardy was a hybrid of the rural and the architectural world.He understood the former because he knew this as a child and at the same time, he also adapted to the changes of the latter because of how he was trained as an architecture. The post-modernist approach that is apparent in Hardy’s works is his ability to capture the industrial revolution, particularly the ones that took place in the E nglish countryside. He also set this in the Victorian setting which makes his novels more real. (Harvey, 2003, p. 25) â€Å"It was as old fashioned as it was small, and it rested in the lap of an undulating upland adjoining the North Wessex downs.Old as it was, however, the well-shaft that was probably the only relic of the local history that remained absolutely unchanged. Many of the thatched and dormered dweeling-houses had been pulled down of late years, and many trees felled on the green. Above all, the original church, hump-backed, wood turreted-and quaintly-hipped, had been taken down, and either cracked up into heaps of road-metal in the lane, or utilized as pig-sty walls, garden seats, guard-stones to fences, and rockeries in the flower-beds of the neighbourhood.In place of it a tall new building of modern Gothic design, unfamiliar to English eyes, had been erected on a new piece of ground by a certain obliterator of historic records who had run down from London and back in a day. † That is an excerpt from â€Å"Jude the Obscure. † Another post-modernist theme that is common in Hardy’s works is his depiction of the rural life in the nineteenth century. He presents it as a fatalistic world that is filled with injustice and suffering. The lead characters in his stories are often alienated and ostracized for following their innermost desires that do not coincide with what society expects from them.He emphasizes on the power of fate, especially on the working class. He also shows the deep human instinct and will to struggle against elemental passion. Examples are Tess in â€Å"Tess of the D’urbervilles† and Jude and Sue in â€Å"Jude The Obscure. † (Morgan, 1992, p. 15) â€Å"Tess of the d’Urbervilles† was a censored novel that followed â€Å"Jude the Obscure. † It is a great classic but received mixed reviews when it was first published because like â€Å"Jude the Obscure,† it presented sex in a straightforward manner that was rarely done during that time by other writers.Hardy illustrated modernism and this was a common theme in â€Å"Tess of the d’Urbervilles. † He portrayed Tess as a woman who was able to strike the balance between the rural world and the architectural world, just as what Hardy was able to do. Hardy also discussed the separation of man from nature. In one part of the story, Angel was reduced to a skeleton when he got sick. This is an allusion to his creation of the destructive machinery. (Morgan, 1992, p. 18) There is also the double standard on sexuality which Tess had to go through.Hardy questioned and criticized the Victorian period’s perception of female purity. In the novel, Hardy made Tess suffer in order to repent for the scenes of her forefathers. This was a common belief during that time. He also presented her heroine as a sacrificial victim which symbolized her personification of mother nature. This is the similar ity Tess shares with Sue in â€Å"Jude the Obscure. † (Morgan, 1992, p. 20) â€Å"Jude the Obscure† tells the story of Jude Fawley who wishes to be a scholar. He fell in love with his cousin Sue, an intellectual who is training to become a teacher.The apparent themes in the book that are post-modernist concerns are class, religion, scholarship, marriage and the modernization of intellectual thought along with society. It also questions whether fate has an important role to a person’s life letting it lead him to where it will or the person can eventually take the reins and control his life on his own. The accidents and the details that are encountered in the stories eventually leads to the ruin of both Jude and Sue. The book also discussed loneliness and sexuality, in terms of incest. Sexuality also prevents individuals from following through with their dreams.The most controversial topic that was present in the novel is marriage and on how personal dreams could no longer be fulfilled because of that. There was also the satirical look on how living a life as sophists, intellectuals and libertines often result to the condemnation from traditional society. All these themes are post-modernist. Scholars who focused on Hardy concluded that the author loved leading his characters to their downfall as if he were a sadistic god. There are also strong autobiographical references to Hardy’s life in â€Å"Jude the Obscure.†Two important clues to this theory is that Hardy did not attend a university and the love of Jude’s life, Emma Gifford, became more and more religious. (Harvey, 2003, p. 83) Joseph Conrad is the combination of Charles Dickens’ idealism and Thomas Hardy’s realism. He was one of the best English novelists of his time. Despite being Polish born, he was recognized as a master prose because of his approach on modernist literature. His style is narrative and his characters are often anti-heroic. He has b een said to influence the lieks of Graham Greene, DH Lawrence and even Ernest Hemingway.(Orr, 1999, p 46)Conrad reflected on his experiences in the navy in his works. He wrote short stories and novels that showed areas of an empire and how it affected the human soul. Closely looking into Conrad’s life and how this affected his work, other autobiographical accounts are the clear depictions of certain parts of the world such as South American, Malay states, Borneo and Australia in some of his novels. This was because Conrad quickly became first mate and was already the master of his own ship by 1886. By the age of 36, he settled down and started writing.(Orr, 1999, p 62) â€Å"Heart of Darkness† is a novella filled with symbolisms. It is a story in a story or what the post-modernist theme describes as â€Å"frame narrative. † It is the story of Charles Marlow and his recollection of his advenutre in the Congo with a group of men. He was employed by the Belgian tra ding company to transport ivory. During this task, he then developed an interest in checking out the Kurtz. Conrad’s inspiration in writing the novel was his real-life experience in the Congo. He was there for eight and a half years before he sat down to write â€Å"Heart of Darkness.†As a matter of fact, he was captain of the Congo steamer. Therefore, there details in the novel are quite accurate because Conrad was actually there in the Congo. â€Å"I looked at him, lost in astonishment. There he was before me, in motley, as though he had absconded from a troupe of mimes, enthusiastic, fabulous. His very existence was improbable, inexplicable, and altogether bewildering. He was an insoluble problem. It was inconceivable how he had existed, how he had succeeded in getting so far, how he had managed to remain– why he did not instantly disappear.`I went a little farther,' he said, `then still a little farther–till I had gone so far that I don't know how I' ll ever get back. Never mind. Plenty time. I can manage. You take Kurtz away quick–quick–I tell you. ‘ The glamour of youth enveloped his parti-coloured rags, his destitution, his loneliness, the essential desolation of his futile wanderings. For months–for years–his life hadn't been worth a day's purchase; and there he was gallantly, thoughtlessly alive, to all appearances indestructible solely by the virtue of his few years and of his unreflecting audacity. I was seduced into something like admiration– like envy.†The previous paragraph is an excerpt of the novel which elaborates the post-modernist theme that is apparent in â€Å"Heart of Darkness. † This is the ambiguity between civilization and the barbarians. A number of characters in the novel had spiritual darkness and were looking for their morals. Those who were deemed to be barbaric turned out to be the civilized characters in the end. All throughout the novel, there is the tension between civilization and barbarism. Kurtz represented the darkness which only served as the foundation to the moral structures that are often connotated to civilization.Marlow confronted Kurtz and asked him to commit to the savagery of human instincts or to veneer in the civilization setting. Marlow was torn but between the two, it was the lastter that he couldn’t absolutely do. He was then horrified by what was in his heart. Conrad used the darkness in order to represent the unknown. Mr. Kurtz was the anti-hero of â€Å"Heart of Darkness. † Mallow’s recounts on the whole experience was also explored through the character build-up of Kurtz as well as Mallow’s interaction with the Africans.Another post-modernist theme is the novel’s regard on women’s naivety. There is also the struggle between the good and the evil in the characters. (Orr, 1999, p. 36) Conrad was an emotional man who was depressed and pessimistic. He doubted his s elf and his capabilities. He was able to discipline his craft by resorting to romantic temperament. As an artist, he focused on what could be seen and made the written word powerful by it. (Orr, 1999, p. 28) That was a post-modernist theme that was made popular by Conrad, Hardy and Dickens.Their ability to write in a style that is similar to visual arts single the three of them out as the best in prose. They create the settings of their story, be it real like that of Conrad’s Congo or fictional like that of Hardy’s Wessex. Whether they choose to have their characters be confined and isolated or out there socializing, Conrad, Hardy and Dickens could do so. Literary critics comment on the works of these three novelists and recommend them for their complex narration, pessimistic ideas, profound themes and exotic styles. However, these do not put the readers off.The ideas which Conrad, Hardy and Dickens presented way back in the 20th century are still interesting for 21st century readers. It only comes to prove that their approaches and their writing style are very modern and post-modernist. (Crook, 1991, p. 26) Modernists believed that rejecting tradition from the roots of romanticism and realism, they could make art that organized and guided individuals through the fast pace of the new century. Modernists take their cue from the Impressionists and they all believe that by redefining their art, they are able to arrange these in a modern way which anybody could relate with.Post-realist in literature emerged from the historical backdrop that was presented by the romantic period. By responding to the architectural changes going on around them, post-realist writers in the previous centuries unconsciously became modern-writers because they replaced the themes that were dominant during the period of enlightenment by listening to their emotions and by combating the widespread conventions with taboo subjects presented in a new, truthful and sordid manner.In fluenced by the constant evolution of society, modernists such as Dickens, Hardy and Conrad present their literature in a society that embraces the social truth they are in. Most of the characters in literary creations with post-modern themese are often dissatisfied but they embarked on a journey which allows them to revive the traditional elements or way of life and at the same time discover the other world out there and the new life that opens its doors for them.

How Were Workhouses Run so That Only Those in Need of Genuine Help Would Apply Essay

Workhouses, tried many things to stop those in need of help applying for help; this was because they soon became to expensive to run which is why the owners of the workhouse began to try to put the public off applying for help. I am going to cover all of the main reasons that tell you why the poor were ‘put off’. To begin, the workhouses soon introduced separation, they had different classifications. These were: Infirm men, able-bodied men and youths above fifteen, boys above the age of seven and under fifteen, infirm women, able-bodied women and girls above fifteen, girls above the age of seven and under fifteen and children under seven (however they were allowed in the same workhouse as either their mother or father). This would mean that if you were classified to a different class than someone else in your family, for instance; you would be separated and not allowed to communicate. This encourage those in need of slightly less help not to apply, as they may have believed that scraping a living with their family and friends would be better than getting separated in a work house. Next, the living conditions may be considered to have been better outside the workhouse, scraping a living, the living conditions were horrific! Firstly, all the women and babies were all living in the same room; this meant that when one baby awakened, apart from a heavy sleeper, everyone woke up. They also slept in square, coffin-like beds, which will have been hardly comfortable to sleep in. For me, if workhouses wanted their employees to perform to their full potential they would have given them good living conditions, however they didn’t want people coming in on demand. Because the workhouses mad the living conditions so horrific, would have encouraged many to not apply for help. This is because they may have believed they would get a longer, more comfortable sleep outside the workhouse. To continue, the food provided was terrible, the food was cooked terribly for a few reasons, two examples would be because the workhouses wanted to save money and buy the cheapest food, for the cheapest possible price and they may have purposely cooked the food badly. They also gave each of the same food for each food break causing people to have a bad diet. Again, people in poverty would not apply for help. People wouldn’t apply because word would spread about the terrible food and people wouldn’t apply because again they could think that they could get better food elsewhere. The workhouse owners probably knew that word of this would spread and less people would apply for help, like they wanted. Next, punishments were very harsh and barely taken into consideration, for instance the workhouse owners would judge whether someone was ill or not ill, for instance, if they judged someone to be well and fit when they were ill the would punish the ill person, for no reason when they should be treating their employee well so that as soon as they had recovered, they would be able to perform at a high standard again. This would have put people off because they would be scared of the owners and if they were a parent, they may feel that they were the person to hand out punishments to child not the owners. The owners most possibly knew again that word would spread and would be ruthless to any parent try who tried to have authority. Working conditions, like living conditions were poor. Some people may have applied sot they may get a more enjoyable job with good earnings, instead they were allocated with jobs such as rope picking, this was where a worker had to get old, battered rope, and individually take each thread off the rope and then put it back together to make good rope. This would have put the poor off because they may feel that the jobs they were doing were more enjoyable plus they may feel that they should be doing better jobs if they were to apply for help because workhouses had been advertised to be the ‘way out’ of problems. My final point is on the fact that the workers had no individuality. The workhouse owners had some rules which were strict and if broken would show no tolerance. An example of this is in a picture, it shows how each of the women in the workhouse are having their meal, everyone’s food is exactly the same food, which for lunch was commonly beef and vegetable soup, so vegetarians would be forced to eat the food, not necessarily by the workhouse owners but by their own hunger because they were served such a small amount, they would be extremely hungry. They were also sat in rows, they were not allowed to socialise and they all had to wear uniforms. This would make employees feel worthless and as if they were in prison and ultimately they would feel demoralised and wouldn’t feel excited for the job they would do after their lunch, for example. Word would have spread about this (Like the owners would have wanted) and the poor would feel that the joy of socialising was worth m ore than living a poor lifestyle. To conclude this essay, I feel the most important factor that people would have taken into consideration would be the fact that families were split; the workhouse owners would have found that this was the biggest blow to a family thinking of applying because they would have wanted to be together.

James Bond Assignment Essays

James Bond Assignment Essays James Bond Assignment Essay James Bond Assignment Essay In this assignment, I will be examining the standard Bond genre from Golden Eye, the seventeenth bond film. I will also be exploring how the audience and I respond to Bond films and what our expectations of the films are. In the film industry, Genre exists as an obliging system of categorization and allows audiences to sort between films. The industries use the appropriate advertising, marketing and distribution for it to target its audience. Moreover, it allows the audience to filter through films and make a selection on what they want to watch. Genre is a recognizable and established category of written work employing common conventions to prevent readers or audiences from mistaking it for another kind. Narrative is a way of comprehending the story, time, and causality. Since in film there are at least two important frames of reference for understanding the main plot of the story, time, and causality, narrative in film is the principle by which data is converted from the frame of the screen into a diegesis, that frames a particular story, or sequence of action; equally, it is the principle by which data is converted from story onto screen. Contending that fairy tales could be studied and compared by examining their most basic plot components, Vladimir Propp, a Russian Folklorist from the 1920s developed an analysis that reduced fairy tales to a series of actions performed in each story. Propp argued that all fairy tales were constructed of certain plot elements, which he called functions, and that these elements consistently occurred in a uniform sequence. Based on a study of one hundred folk tales, Propp devised a list of thirty-one generic functions, proposing that they encompassed all of the plot components from which fairy tales were constructed. Vladimir Propp composed a fairytale theory that each folk story had similar characters which had the same purpose in the narrative. His theory on the construction of fairytales can be clearly identified in Golden Eye. Propps fairytale convention has been successfully incorporated in the Bond genre and Golden Eye with all the basic characters built-in the film. In Golden Ey e, the hero of the film is James bond, as he is seen to be the character with the great courage and strength, celebrated from his bold exploits. James Bond saved his life for Natalya Simonova, the victim of this James Bond film. A villain is a wicked or evil person; a scoundrel a dramatic or fictional character that is typically at odds with the hero. General Ourumov fits the character of the villain, as he was the one who had access to GoldenEye and plotted the plans. The false hero, Alec Trevelyan (Sean Bean) plays the role of two characters. With his 00 status, the audience are deceived into thinking that he was a good character; however he betrays James Bond and turns into the villainous character. He is in fact a Kosovan spy, which is hinted by his name Janus, the Greek God with two faces. This is also shown in the film where he first appears half his face covered in darkness, and the other half visible in light. In Vladimir Propps fairy tale convention, the false hero is a stock character in fairy tales. The character appears near the end of a story in order to claim to be the hero or heroine and is, therefore, always of the same sex as the hero or heroine. The false hero presents some claim to the position. By testing, it is revealed that the claims are false, and the heros true. The false hero is usually punished, and the true hero put in his place. Moreover, the Bond Girl Natalya Simonova gets together at the end of Golden Eye. There are s tereotypical issues in which the Bond Girls in James Bond are getting more advanced as to before where females were treated differently than today. The clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of equality between male and female are shown in James Bond films with the stereotypical James Bond women only used for looks and glamour. In Golden Eye, the Bond girls are becoming more advanced with guns and fighting and are becoming more matched to James Bond. A narrative film theory is concerned with how stories get told how they are constructed for and create a viewing subject by camera movement, lighting, editing, and all the available techniques of filmmaking. Vladimir Propp studied the fairytale genre and composed a theory that showed that each folk story had similar characters which had the same purpose in the narrative. This theory, although used by Vladimir in fairytales, can be used in film and has proven to fit the Bond genre well. In fairytales there is always the hero who saves the day, a villain who is up against the hero, the princess who the hero rescues and the false hero who surprises us as we realise he is actually evil towards the end. In comparison, there are other film theories such as the Feminist Film Theory which conveys the idea of a film portraying sex equality, and giving equal roles for the women. The Feminist Film Theory criticism was directed at stereotypes of women, mostly in Hollywood films, and now, after twenty years of the film theory, increasing numbers of films include the sex equality of men and women, with equal roles being played out by both genders. There are differences in Vladimir Propps and Feminist film theories as Propp shows the female roles being played as the princess and being used for charisma and attraction. This is shown in the earlier James Bond films, where the Bond girls were defenceless and were not portrayed equally. In the modern Bond films, they have more power and control, and become a threat to James Bond. Bond could be classified as an action, adventure and a spy genre, however as there are now twenty one films made over forty five years, all of which follow the same conventions; it has its own genre, the Bond Genre. The original novels by Ian Fleming produce the formulaic plots and conventional characters which Bond films still follow today and the audience love this. The general conventions the audience would recognise as being part of a Bond Film are exaggerated cars filled with gadgets, guns, girls, explosives and gadgets which make Bond a superior character, and the audience envy his qualities. Even though the narrative is predictable, the audience knows the general plot as it follows the conventions of a normal standard Bond Genre. Every film starts with the Bond opening sequence followed by the opening the scene. The main plot is introduced and comes to a halt where James Bond defeats the villain. This is the normal format of each James Bond which looks rather dull, however each James Bond film have their new setting which is a location unusual to the audience. For example, the setting of Golden Eye was in a Military Base in Russia. Also, the audience look forward to the new Bond Girl and the new gadgets. A Bond audience would be disappointed if certain conventions were missed out such as the new cars, gadgets and bond girls as it wouldnt make the film stand out and wouldnt be any different to the 21 films made. One of the most distinctive features of the Bond films is the gun barrel sequence which opens each movie. The opening credits and the Gun Barrel sequence is a convention in itself. The gun barrel image sequence typically begins with a white dot scrolling across the screen, left to right, leaving a short trail of dots representing a montage of bullet holes that quickly turn black shortly after they appear. On reaching the right edge of the frame, the dot becomes a gunmans view-to-a-kill, down a gun barrel, its rifling a distinctive spiral. Although suggestive of the point-of-view from a telescopic sight, the gun barrel is actually seen from inside directly observing James Bond walking, right to left, against a white background. Aware of being observed, he quickly turns to his left and shoots the gunman; from above, the scene reddens with the gunmans spilling blood. The gun barrel dissolves to a white dot, roving side to side, most commonly settling in the screens lower-right corner. The circle then expands to fill the screen, exposing the films first scene, which may be an unrelated teaser or may directly bear on the films main plotline.The opening bond sequence conveys the idea of significance as it appears in the initiation of every Bond film, and also portrays the idea that it is a James Bond film from seeing this barrel sequence. Other conceptions can be made of the Gun Barrel sequence; it can be seen as the third persons point of view, and you are the camera following James Bond. The gun barrel sequence has evolved during the fifty years of the James Bond. In the older James Bond films, the sequence was shot through a pinhole camera in an actual rifle barrel until Golden Eye. The recent Bond films are CG-animated ever since emphasizing light and shade variations in the rifling spiral as the reflected light shifts with the guns movement. The gun barrel sequence was revised again for Daniel Craigs first portrayal of Agent 007 in Casino Royale, released late in 2006. Unlike in previous films of the series, the gun barrel sequence does not open the film, but instead is incorporated to the ending of the pre-title sequence: Bonds first kill recovers and seizes his pistol to shoot Bond in the back. As the man brings his pistol up, the frame shifts instantly to the gun barrel. Bond spins around and shoots the man. This sequence is noticeably different from the Pierce Brosnan-era of CGI. The gun barrel has 28 shiny riflings, and the blood trickles down not as a slow-moving cascade, but in faster falling, 3D rivulets. This is also the first gun barrel sequence without some variation of the James Bond Theme and also the only rendition beginning with Bond stationary and his back to the camera. Because of the tiles on the bathroom wall, Bond is not shown against a plain white background. Furthermore, this is also the only instan ce in the series where the audience has seen the person whom Bond shoots. Over half a century of Bond film making, the only momentous difference in James Bond is the actor playing Bond. However, there are distinctive similarities between all the actors playing James Bond. They all are tall, dark and handsome with the Bond girl always new and heart-throbbing to catch the corner of the audiences eyes. However, in Casino Royal, the conventions of the Bond features have changed, as Daniel Craig is the first blonde haired James Bond actor. The opening sequence and first few shots of the scene are important as it sets the scene. Mise-en-scene is used with the bird eye view of the whole setting of the military base in Russia a diverse appearance that would strike the audience as it is a new setting with a dramatic landscape. The plane appears in the frame the camera is shown tracking a plane which suddenly zooms upwards to reveal a vast dam with the tiny plane in the midst of it. We immediately assume the monoplane is on a mission going somewhere as this is what an audience have come to expect of the opening scene of Bond, although it looks insignificant against the immense area. The diegetic sound of the plane is the only noise we can hear which is effective as the tiny engine is set against the immense mountainous setting and it is the natural sound produced at the time of recording. The setting is conventional for a Bond film as most Bond films start with James on a mission, and gets straight to the point, setting s uspense and action at the beginning of the film. The camera then cuts to a low level medium shot of somebodys feet running towards something. Its significant as the shadow covers his face, making us unaware of the figure. The music builds up the tension, as t2he man is panting. Hes running towards something, and has to do it fast! This shot was cleverly included because it involves the audience as it makes them feel as though they are also running behind Bond. Naturalistic sounds are used in this part of the sequence, and only his footsteps are heard. There is a sense of urgency and suspending disbelief is controlled well in this sequence as the audience think the figure is friend or foe. . We then cut to a shot of an electronic metal gate, a barren setting which fits the convention of Bond. We get a full shot, birds eye view where we see the huge dam with a medium shot of Bond doing one of his typical stunts as he has a rope around him. We can hear the diegetic sounds of chains and panting which gives us a sense of urgency, until the non-diegetic sound kicks in with the mechanical drum bass and the action and drama speed up. The camera then comes up behind Bond with a birds eye view of him standing at the edge of the dam; and as an audience we know he is going to do a skilful jump and we are not worried by this as we know hes an expert and is in control. There is non-diegetic sound used in this clip as it gives a sense of realism. The scene is concentrating more on the sight rather than the sound. The sound effects used in this clip show no music apart from the air sound. This makes the audience focus on the scene, and also adds a feeling of tense into the scene. This part of the scene shows secrecy, and reveals no emotions. There is then a close up of the gadget again as he breaks into the weapons factory. Up till now, there has been no dialogue, only action shots and sound effects. The audience get a sense of what is going on; however the opening only slightly hints out the plot, but doesnt reveal everything. Its a moving movie, and doesnt allow much time for the audience to think about what is going o n. The camera zooms in a birds eye view looking at a man on the toilet with a shadowy silhouette of Bond apparent. There is a close up of the newspaper indicating that it is set in another country as the language is different. We then have the first piece of dialogue, as up until now the narrative was told through the action, a quirky gag from Bond; Beg your pardon, forgot to knock! The toilet humour also symbolises a very British thing to do. From this first piece of dialogue we see an ingredient of Bond, his dry humour, the same as the way he takes his trademark drink, dry martini, shaken not stirred Bond is alone, and the suspense is growing more and more, as Bond moves into a space of darkness. The James Bond theme music then blasts out, loud, dramatic and quick, to signify the beginning of Bonds quest to restore world peace. We then see the classic image of Bond with his gun resting on his cheek. This classic pose was selected by the director to appear in each film and advertisements for the movies because it indicates Bonds control and confidence as he has a relationship with his weapon and protocol in firing. Bond is then in the shadows again although he can see what is going on outside. This shot is used to leave the audience in suspense as the lighting doesnt make the shot as clear so they have to make assumptions as to what is going on and use their other senses. This is effective, as it shows that it is re-building the tension. 006 appears in the screen, with the first impressions of him being someone bad. The idea of Janus (Roman God) is created with half of his face in darkness, and the other in light which represents safety. This also suggests the idea of the false hero within Propps fairytale film theory convention. Again quirky British humour is used and the politeness England is renowned for is shown once again; After you OO6. Bond then reinstates his dedication for his country; For England as he embarks on his mission. The first few sequences in the opening scene are important as it reveals the whole scenario and the setting of the whole film. Golden Eye is a film set in a Russian Military base which would seem impossible to break through, however James Bond encounters this, and does the impossible. The audience thinks that there would be a catastrophic explosion, blowing up the base, completing the mission with a lucky escape. This is a Bond convention which is used in each Bond film, to show the skilled agent in a desolated location, and completes the mission. Casino Royal, the latest James Bond film has a surprise for the Bond fans, as the Bond conventions are torn away. The film tone was changed for the first time in 21 Bond films in order to get Bond back closer to the original character. Casino Royal was Ian Flemings first Bond book, and James was still a human character with receiving a 00 status in his first assignment. He had that licence to kill, however he also had the licence to love. The twist of the Bond girl was how much equality they had in comparison to Golden eye. They were valued more in Casino Royal. Also, being as human as James Bond, he showed emotion, which was a change to the original James Bond convention. He showed anger whilst loosing in the poker tournament Dont give a dam! when the waiter asked him how he would like his Martini. Hed normally be expected to say Vodka Martini, shaken not stirred as this is James Bonds catchphrase, and a convention the audience would recognise as being part of a James Bond film. In conclusion, the Bond genre has to adopt some conventions to suit a 21st Century audience. Some conventions such as the Bond girls still excites the male audience, however they will have to add more innuendo to make the connection between Bond and the girl, and to make it more humorous. Also, they will have to make the concept cars more unique and different to the original cars found in the 21st century roads. The features of the concept car must amaze the audience such as having the speed of lightning or invisible car that the audience has never seen before, as this is one of the main conventions of a Bond film. Also the gadgets are a key convention, and have to be up to date with the modern society. Although the audience know the outcome of a Bond film, it still excites the audience today; the audience would want to know Bonds latest mission, cars and the new Bond girl. The conventional plot remains unchanged however the detail is revised, making it a superb film. Knowing the gen eral Bond conventions of the films, and knowing Vladimir Propps fairytale theory, it makes the audience safe knowing that good will always triumphant over evil and that Bond will always win against the enemy.